8.3.3 Examples of ERAS Catalog Simulations and Comparison with California Data
8.4 Science Transformers: AI Enhanced Time Series Forecasting
8.5 QuakeGPT: A Generative Pretrained Earthquake Transformer
8.5.1 Earthquake Transformers and QuakeGPT
8.5.2 ERAS Earthquake Simulations
8.5.3 Transformer Architecture
8.5.4 Queries, Keys and Values
8.6 Summary and Discussion
Appendix: Building the ERAS Model
References
9 Falsification of Seismic Hazard Assessment (SHA) by Real Earthquakes: The Design Magnitude Mdesign for Neo-deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment (NDSHA)
9.1 DSHA andMCE
9.2 Mdesign in NDSHA: The Panza-Rugarli Law
9.2.1 MCE and Its Clarification
9.2.2 The Safety Factor of Earthquake Magnitude, γEM
9.2.3 The Magnitude Standard Deviation, σM
9.2.4 Principle of Uniformitarianism
9.3 NDSHA Procedures, and the Role of Mdesign
9.4 Falsification of NDSHA Through the Mdesign
9.5 Conclusions and Discussion
References
10 Numerical Investigations and Observations of Waveguide Effects for Multi-layer Fault Damage Zones at Seismogenic Depths
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The SimulationMethod
10.3 3-D Finite-Difference Simulations of FZTWs
10.3.1 Simulations of FZTWs for Sources Within the Four-Layer LVWG
10.3.2 Simulations of FZTWs for Sources 2-km Out of the Four-Layer LVWG
10.3.3 Simulations of FZTWs for Sources Beneath the Two-Layer LVWG
10.3.4 Simulations of FZTWs for Sources Within and Out of the Uniform LVWG
10.4 Observations and Simulations of FZTWs from Multi-layered Fault Damage Zones
10.4.1 FZTWS at the Landers and Hect Mine Rupture Zones
10.4.2 FZTWs at the San Andreas Fault Near SAFOD Site
10.5 Conclusion and Discussion
References
11 Detailed Investigation of Seismic Hazardous Areas and Scientific Field Investigation of Earthquakes: A Discussion from the Perspective of Systems Engineering
11.1 Detailed Investigation of Seismic Hazardous Areas: Current Status
11.2 Detailed Investigation of Seismic Hazardous Areas and Scientific Field Investigation of Earthquakes: The Scientific Significance
11.3 Planning the Detailed Investigation of Seismic Hazardous Areas and the Scientific Field Investigation of Earthquakes
11.3.1 Basic Principles
11.3.2 PriorityWorks
11.4 Capacity Building for the Detailed Investigation of Seismic Hazardous Areas and the Scientific Field Investigation of Earthquakes: A Long-Term Plan for Their Modernization
11.4.1 The First to the Third Year: The Pilot Phase of the Modernization
11.4.2 The Fourth to the Fifth Year: System Construction and Optimization
11.5 Working Projects
11.5.1 Project Objectives
11.5.2 Project Content
11.5.3 Expected Results of the Project
11.6 Towards an Organization on the International Inter-disciplinary Investigation of Earthquakes
